As an artist myself, I'm often asked about one particular step in the painting process: varnishing. It's something that can feel a little intimidating at first, especially when you've poured your heart into a piece and don't want to risk ruining it.
But varnishing isn't just a final flourish. It's essential to preserving and enhancing your work. Whether you paint in bold colours like I do or prefer subtle textures and soft details, knowing how and why to varnish can make a world of difference in both presentation and longevity.
If you've ever worried about this, you're not alone. I had the same concerns when I started out. But once you understand the process and the why behind it, varnishing becomes a satisfying and essential final step in your art-making journey.
Varnish is a transparent, protective layer that you apply to a finished painting. Think of it as a topcoat or sealant, like the clear gloss on your nails or the lacquer layer used on furniture. It doesn't just enhance your work aesthetically; it also acts as a protective barrier.
For artists like me who paint in bold colours and expressive textures, varnishing makes the artwork sing. Those colours just glow under the right finish.
This depends on the medium you're using. The wrong type like an acrylic varnish for an oil painting can be detrimental just as it is for mixing oil and acrylic paint. Varnishing too soon is a common mistake and can lead to long-term issues like fogging, cracking, or yellowing.
Acrylics tend to dry relatively fast, but drying and curing are different things. You should wait at least 72 hours, and ideally up to a week if your layers are thick or heavily textured.
This is where patience is truly a virtue. Oils are cured by oxidation, not evaporation, which takes them much longer. to dry
Test if your oil painting is dry using the thumbnail test: Gently press your nail into the thickest part of the paint. If it leaves an indent, it's not ready.
Be aware that matte and satin varnishes contain matting agents, which can slightly cloud finer details or soft edges in your painting. Always test first if your art piece has delicate linework or intricate layers that you want to be seen.
Personally, I like to use brush-on gloss for most of my work; it enhances the colours beautifully. I use satin or matte for pieces where shine might distract from subtle textures.
You should always choose a removable, archival-quality varnish. That means it can be taken off later without damaging the painting underneath.
Why is this important?
Look for labels that say things like: "Removable with [specific solvent]" or "Archival quality".
Once you've applied your final coat of varnish, it's important to then let the artwork dry, keeping it flat in a clean, undisturbed space. This helps prevent any runs or drips from forming, especially if you've used a slightly thicker layer.
Avoid placing the piece near open windows, heaters, or areas with high foot traffic where dust, hair, or tiny airborne particles can easily settle onto the sticky surface. Even something as small as a floating fibre can ruin an otherwise perfect finish.
If you're concerned about dust or curious pets, a simple cardboard box tented over the artwork works surprisingly well as a dust cover. Just make sure it's roomy enough not to touch the surface. Patience here is key, leave it to dry completely, undisturbed, before moving or hanging the piece.
Varnishing isn't just the final, finishing touch; it's a layer of care and intention that says this painting actually matters. It protects your creativity and effort and makes sure that your work will last for years if not generations.
Don't be afraid to experiment with different types of varnishes until you find your favourite one. Like most things in art, it's all about what works for your style, your medium, and your personal touch.
If you're ever unsure or need help choosing products, feel free to reach out. I'm always happy to share what's worked for me—and what hasn't!
Happy varnishing!
Posted: Saturday 6 March 2010